| Volcano Name: | Cotopaxi | Smithsonian Inst ID (SI_VNUM): | 352050 |
| Alternate Name: |
Cerrito del Callo Morucu Santa Barbara |
Volcano Type: | Stratovolcano(es) |
| Latitude: | -0.6772222220 | ||
| Longitude: | -78.4361111100 | ||
| Region: | South America | Sub Region: | Ecuador |
| Date Entered: | 02/05/2012 |
| Eruption Start Date: | 1 /1877 | Date Error: | ||
| Eruption End Date: | Dating Technique: | Historical records | ||
| Eruption Date Quality: | High quality | Preferred Date: | Y | |
| Bulk DRE Volume (km3): | 0.220 (Literature) | ||
| Bulk deposit volume (km3): | 0.580 (Literature) | ||
| Ignimbrite DRE Volume (km3): | 0.050 (Literature) | ||
| Ignimbrite Deposit Volume : | 0.130 (Literature) | ||
| Magnitude : | 4.700 (Calculated) | ||
| Maximum Column Height (km): | 10.000 (Literature) | ||
| Maximum Intensity : | 9.400 (Calculated) | ||
| Maximum VEI : | 4.000 (Literature) | ||
| Tephra fall DRE Volume (km3): | 0.170 (Literature) | ||
| Tephra fall Deposit Volume (km3): | 0.450 (Literature) |
| Magma: | Andesite | ||
| Calculated Density: | |||
| Rock Classification: | |||
| Andesite |
| Eruption Start Date: | 13/09/1853 | Date Error: | ||
| Eruption End Date: | 15/09/1853 | Dating Technique: | Historical records | |
| Eruption Date Quality: | High quality | Preferred Date: | Y | |
| Bulk DRE Volume (km3): | 0.090 (Literature) | ||
| Bulk deposit volume (km3): | 0.240 (Literature) | ||
| Magnitude : | 4.400 (Calculated) | ||
| Maximum VEI : | <= 4.000 (Literature) | ||
| Tephra fall DRE Volume (km3): | 0.090 (Literature) | ||
| Tephra fall Deposit Volume (km3): | 0.240 (Literature) |
| Magma: | Andesite | ||
| Calculated Density: | |||
| Rock Classification: | |||
| Andesite |
| Eruption Start Date: | 4 /4 /1768 | Date Error: | ||
| Eruption End Date: | Dating Technique: | Historical records | ||
| Eruption Date Quality: | High quality | Preferred Date: | Y | |
| Bulk DRE Volume (km3): | 0.070 (Literature) | ||
| Bulk deposit volume (km3): | 0.200 (Literature) | ||
| Magnitude : | 4.200 (Calculated) | ||
| Maximum VEI : | 4.000 (Literature) | ||
| Tephra fall DRE Volume (km3): | 0.070 (Literature) | ||
| Tephra fall Deposit Volume (km3): | 0.200 (Literature) |
| Magma: | Andesite | ||
| Calculated Density: | |||
| Rock Classification: | |||
| Andesite |
| Eruption Start Date: | 5 /1744 | Date Error: | ||
| Eruption End Date: | Dating Technique: | Historical records | ||
| Eruption Date Quality: | High quality | Preferred Date: | Y | |
| Bulk DRE Volume (km3): | 0.180 (Literature) | ||
| Bulk deposit volume (km3): | 0.480 (Literature) | ||
| Magnitude : | 4.700 (Calculated) | ||
| Maximum VEI : | 4.000 (Literature) | ||
| Tephra fall DRE Volume (km3): | 0.180 (Literature) | ||
| Tephra fall Deposit Volume (km3): | 0.480 (Literature) |
| Magma: | Andesite | ||
| Calculated Density: | |||
| Rock Classification: | |||
| Andesite |
| Eruption Start Date: | 04/1743 | Date Error: | ||
| Eruption End Date: | Dating Technique: | Historical records | ||
| Eruption Date Quality: | High quality | Preferred Date: | Y | |
| Bulk DRE Volume (km3): | 0.120 (Literature) | ||
| Bulk deposit volume (km3): | 0.317 (Literature) | ||
| Magnitude : | 4.500 (Calculated) | ||
| Maximum VEI : | <= 4.000 (Literature) | ||
| Tephra fall DRE Volume (km3): | 0.120 (Literature) | ||
| Tephra fall Deposit Volume (km3): | 0.317 (Literature) |
| Magma: | Andesite | ||
| Calculated Density: | |||
| Rock Classification: | |||
| Andesite |
| Eruption Start Date: | 15/06/1742 | Date Error: | ||
| Eruption End Date: | 07/1742 | Dating Technique: | Historical records | |
| Eruption Date Quality: | High quality | Preferred Date: | Y | |
| Bulk DRE Volume (km3): | 0.210 (Literature) | ||
| Bulk deposit volume (km3): | 0.564 (Literature) | ||
| Magnitude : | 4.700 (Calculated) | ||
| Maximum VEI : | 4.000 (Literature) | ||
| Tephra fall DRE Volume (km3): | 0.210 (Literature) | ||
| Tephra fall Deposit Volume (km3): | 0.564 (Literature) |
| Magma: | Andesite | ||
| Calculated Density: | |||
| Rock Classification: | |||
| Andesite |
| Eruption Start Date: | 6 /1534 | Date Error: | ||
| Eruption End Date: | Dating Technique: | Historical records | ||
| Eruption Date Quality: | High quality | Preferred Date: | Y | |
| Bulk DRE Volume (km3): | 0.110 (Literature) | ||
| Bulk deposit volume (km3): | 0.290 (Literature) | ||
| Magnitude : | 4.400 (Calculated) | ||
| Maximum Column Height (km): | 28.000 (Literature) | ||
| Maximum Intensity : | 11.040 (Eruption Rate) | ||
| Maximum VEI : | 4.000 (Literature) |
| Magma: | Andesite | ||
| Calculated Density: | |||
| Rock Classification: | |||
| Andesite |
| Eruption Start Date: | 15/11/1532 | Date Error: | ||
| Eruption End Date: | Dating Technique: | Historical records | ||
| Eruption Date Quality: | High quality | Preferred Date: | Y | |
| Bulk DRE Volume (km3): | 0.170 (Literature) | ||
| Bulk deposit volume (km3): | 0.450 (Literature) | ||
| Magnitude : | 4.600 (Calculated) | ||
| Maximum VEI : | 4.000 (Literature) | ||
| Tephra fall DRE Volume (km3): | 0.170 (Literature) | ||
| Tephra fall Deposit Volume (km3): | 0.450 (Literature) |
| Magma: | Andesite | ||
| Calculated Density: | |||
| Rock Classification: | |||
| Andesite |
| Eruption Start Date: | 1350 | Date Error: | ||
| Eruption End Date: | Dating Technique: | Tephrochronology | ||
| Eruption Date Quality: | Low quality | Preferred Date: | Y | |
| Bulk DRE Volume (km3): | 0.360 (Literature) | ||
| Bulk deposit volume (km3): | 0.960 (Literature) | ||
| Magnitude : | 5.000 (Calculated) | ||
| Maximum VEI : | + 4.000 (Literature) | ||
| Tephra fall DRE Volume (km3): | 0.360 (Literature) | ||
| Tephra fall Deposit Volume (km3): | 0.960 (Literature) |
| Magma: | Andesite | ||
| Calculated Density: | |||
| Rock Classification: | |||
| Andesite |
| Eruption Start Date: | 1231 | Date Error: | 67 | |
| Eruption End Date: | Dating Technique: | Radiocarbon (corrected) | ||
| Eruption Date Quality: | Medium quality | Preferred Date: | Y | |
| C14 Date: | 820 | C14 Date Error: | 80 | |
| Bulk DRE Volume (km3): | 0.450 (Literature) | ||
| Bulk deposit volume (km3): | 1.194 (Literature) | ||
| Ignimbrite DRE Volume (km3): | 0.030 (Literature) | ||
| Ignimbrite Deposit Volume : | 0.070 (Literature) | ||
| Magnitude : | 5.100 (Calculated) | ||
| Maximum Column Height (km): | 28.000 (Literature) | ||
| Maximum Intensity : | 11.040 (Eruption Rate) | ||
| Maximum VEI : | 5.000 (Literature) | ||
| Tephra fall DRE Volume (km3): | 0.420 (Literature) | ||
| Tephra fall Deposit Volume (km3): | 1.124 (Literature) |
| Magma: | Andesite | ||
| Calculated Density: | |||
| Rock Classification: | |||
| Andesite |
| Eruption Start Date: | 846 | Date Error: | 190 | |
| Eruption End Date: | Dating Technique: | Radiocarbon (corrected) | ||
| Eruption Date Quality: | Medium quality | Preferred Date: | Y | |
| C14 Date: | 1180 | C14 Date Error: | 80 | |
| Bulk DRE Volume (km3): | 0.110 (Literature) | ||
| Bulk deposit volume (km3): | 0.290 (Literature) | ||
| Magnitude : | 4.300 (Calculated) | ||
| Maximum VEI : | 4.000 (Literature) |
| Magma: | Andesite | ||
| Calculated Density: | |||
| Rock Classification: | |||
| Andesite |
| Eruption Start Date: | 820 | Date Error: | 190 | |
| Eruption End Date: | Dating Technique: | Radiocarbon (corrected) | ||
| Eruption Date Quality: | Medium quality | Preferred Date: | Y | |
| C14 Date: | 1210 | C14 Date Error: | 80 | |
| Bulk DRE Volume (km3): | 0.120 (Literature) | ||
| Bulk deposit volume (km3): | 0.312 (Literature) | ||
| Magnitude : | 4.500 (Calculated) | ||
| Maximum Column Height (km): | 39.000 (Literature) | ||
| Maximum Intensity : | 11.610 (Eruption Rate) | ||
| Maximum VEI : | 4.000 (Literature) | ||
| Tephra fall DRE Volume (km3): | 0.120 (Literature) | ||
| Tephra fall Deposit Volume (km3): | 0.312 (Literature) |
| Magma: | Andesite | ||
| Calculated Density: | |||
| Rock Classification: | |||
| Andesite |
| Eruption Start Date: | 285 | Date Error: | 147 | |
| Eruption End Date: | Dating Technique: | Radiocarbon (corrected) | ||
| Eruption Date Quality: | High quality | Preferred Date: | Y | |
| C14 Date: | 1770 | C14 Date Error: | 110 | |
| Bulk DRE Volume (km3): | 0.170 (Literature) | ||
| Bulk deposit volume (km3): | 0.440 (Literature) | ||
| Ignimbrite DRE Volume (km3): | 0.030 (Literature) | ||
| Ignimbrite Deposit Volume : | 0.070 (Literature) | ||
| Magnitude : | 4.600 (Calculated) | ||
| Maximum Column Height (km): | 38.000 (Literature) | ||
| Maximum Intensity : | 11.570 (Eruption Rate) | ||
| Maximum VEI : | 4.000 (Literature) | ||
| Tephra fall DRE Volume (km3): | 0.140 (Literature) | ||
| Tephra fall Deposit Volume (km3): | 0.370 (Literature) |
| Magma: | Andesite | ||
| Calculated Density: | |||
| Rock Classification: | |||
| Andesite |
| Eruption Start Date: | 210 | Date Error: | 185 | |
| Eruption End Date: | Dating Technique: | Radiocarbon (corrected) | ||
| Eruption Date Quality: | Medium quality | Preferred Date: | Y | |
| C14 Date: | 1880 | C14 Date Error: | 160 | |
| Bulk DRE Volume (km3): | 0.210 (Literature) | ||
| Bulk deposit volume (km3): | 0.560 (Literature) | ||
| Ignimbrite DRE Volume (km3): | 0.030 (Literature) | ||
| Ignimbrite Deposit Volume : | 0.080 (Literature) | ||
| Magnitude : | 4.700 (Calculated) | ||
| Maximum Column Height (km): | 30.000 (Literature) | ||
| Maximum Intensity : | 11.150 (Eruption Rate) | ||
| Maximum VEI : | 4.000 (Literature) | ||
| Tephra fall DRE Volume (km3): | 0.180 (Literature) | ||
| Tephra fall Deposit Volume (km3): | 0.480 (Literature) |
| Magma: | Andesite | ||
| Calculated Density: | |||
| Rock Classification: | |||
| Andesite |
| Eruption Start Date: | 150 | Date Error: | ||
| Eruption End Date: | Dating Technique: | Tephrochronology | ||
| Eruption Date Quality: | Low quality | Preferred Date: | Y | |
| Bulk DRE Volume (km3): | 0.160 (Literature) | ||
| Bulk deposit volume (km3): | 0.430 (Literature) | ||
| Magnitude : | 4.600 (Calculated) | ||
| Maximum VEI : | 4.000 (Literature) | ||
| Tephra fall DRE Volume (km3): | 0.160 (Literature) | ||
| Tephra fall Deposit Volume (km3): | 0.430 (Literature) |
| Magma: | Andesite | ||
| Calculated Density: | |||
| Rock Classification: | |||
| Andesite |
| Eruption Start Date: | 2090 BP | Date Error: | 262 | |
| Eruption End Date: | Dating Technique: | Radiocarbon (corrected) | ||
| Eruption Date Quality: | Medium quality | Preferred Date: | Y | |
| C14 Date: | 2185 | C14 Date Error: | 215 | |
| Bulk DRE Volume (km3): | 0.120 (Literature) | ||
| Bulk deposit volume (km3): | 0.320 (Literature) | ||
| Magnitude : | 4.500 (Calculated) | ||
| Maximum VEI : | 4.000 (Literature) | ||
| Tephra fall DRE Volume (km3): | 0.120 (Literature) | ||
| Tephra fall Deposit Volume (km3): | 0.320 (Literature) |
| Eruption Start Date: | 2350 BP | Date Error: | ||
| Eruption End Date: | Dating Technique: | Tephrochronology | ||
| Eruption Date Quality: | Low quality | Preferred Date: | Y | |
| Bulk DRE Volume (km3): | 0.140 (Literature) | ||
| Bulk deposit volume (km3): | 0.372 (Literature) | ||
| Magnitude : | 4.500 (Calculated) | ||
| Maximum VEI : | 4.000 (Literature) | ||
| Tephra fall DRE Volume (km3): | 0.140 (Literature) | ||
| Tephra fall Deposit Volume (km3): | 0.372 (Literature) |
| Magma: | Andesite | ||
| Calculated Density: | |||
| Rock Classification: | |||
| Andesite |
| Eruption Start Date: | 3000 BP | Date Error: | ||
| Eruption End Date: | Dating Technique: | Tephrochronology | ||
| Eruption Date Quality: | Low quality | Preferred Date: | Y | |
| Bulk DRE Volume (km3): | 0.230 (Literature) | ||
| Bulk deposit volume (km3): | 0.620 (Literature) | ||
| Ignimbrite DRE Volume (km3): | 0.020 (Literature) | ||
| Ignimbrite Deposit Volume : | 0.045 (Literature) | ||
| Magnitude : | 4.800 (Calculated) | ||
| Maximum VEI : | 4.000 (Literature) | ||
| Tephra fall DRE Volume (km3): | 0.210 (Literature) | ||
| Tephra fall Deposit Volume (km3): | 0.576 (Literature) |
| Magma: | Andesite | ||
| Calculated Density: | |||
| Rock Classification: | |||
| Andesite |
| Eruption Start Date: | 4000 BP | Date Error: | ||
| Eruption End Date: | Dating Technique: | Tephrochronology | ||
| Eruption Date Quality: | Low quality | Preferred Date: | Y | |
| Bulk DRE Volume (km3): | 0.540 (Literature) | ||
| Bulk deposit volume (km3): | 1.450 (Literature) | ||
| Magnitude : | 5.100 (Calculated) | ||
| Maximum VEI : | 5.000 (Literature) | ||
| Tephra fall DRE Volume (km3): | 0.540 (Literature) | ||
| Tephra fall Deposit Volume (km3): | 1.450 (Literature) |
| Magma: | Andesite | ||
| Calculated Density: | |||
| Rock Classification: | |||
| Andesite |
| Eruption Start Date: | 4535 BP | Date Error: | 285 | |
| Eruption End Date: | Dating Technique: | Radiocarbon (corrected) | ||
| Eruption Date Quality: | High quality | Preferred Date: | Y | |
| C14 Date: | 4080 | C14 Date Error: | 200 | |
| Bulk DRE Volume (km3): | >= 0.040 (Assumed) | ||
| Bulk deposit volume (km3): | >= 0.100 (Assumed) | ||
| Magnitude : | 4.300 (Calculated) | ||
| Maximum VEI : | 4.000 (Literature) |
| Eruption Start Date: | -2858 | Date Error: | 509 | |
| Eruption End Date: | Dating Technique: | Radiocarbon (corrected) | ||
| Eruption Date Quality: | Medium quality | Preferred Date: | Y | |
| C14 Date: | 4310 | C14 Date Error: | 360 | |
| Bulk DRE Volume (km3): | 1.170 (Literature) | ||
| Bulk deposit volume (km3): | 3.910 (Literature) | ||
| Ignimbrite DRE Volume (km3): | 1.030 (Literature) | ||
| Ignimbrite Deposit Volume : | 3.440 (Literature) | ||
| Magnitude : | 5.400 (Calculated) | ||
| Maximum VEI : | 5.000 (Literature) | ||
| Tephra fall DRE Volume (km3): | 0.140 (Literature) | ||
| Tephra fall Deposit Volume (km3): | 0.468 (Literature) |
| Magma: | Rhyolite | ||
| Calculated Density: | |||
| Rock Classification: | |||
| Rhyolite |
| Eruption Start Date: | 5230 BP | Date Error: | 500 | |
| Eruption End Date: | Dating Technique: | Tephrochronology | ||
| Eruption Date Quality: | Low quality | Preferred Date: | Y | |
| Bulk DRE Volume (km3): | 0.530 (Literature) | ||
| Bulk deposit volume (km3): | 1.520 (Literature) | ||
| Ignimbrite DRE Volume (km3): | 0.170 (Literature) | ||
| Ignimbrite Deposit Volume : | 0.560 (Literature) | ||
| Magnitude : | 5.100 (Calculated) | ||
| Maximum VEI : | 5.000 (Literature) | ||
| Tephra fall DRE Volume (km3): | 0.360 (Literature) | ||
| Tephra fall Deposit Volume (km3): | 0.960 (Literature) |
| Magma: | Andesite-Rhyolite | ||
| Calculated Density: | |||
| Rock Classification: | |||
| Andesite | |||
| Rhyolite |
| Eruption Start Date: | -4624 | Date Error: | 94 | |
| Eruption End Date: | Dating Technique: | Radiocarbon (corrected) | ||
| Eruption Date Quality: | Medium quality | Preferred Date: | Y | |
| C14 Date: | 5830 | C14 Date Error: | 80 | |
| Bulk DRE Volume (km3): | 2.670 (Literature) | ||
| Bulk deposit volume (km3): | 8.340 (Literature) | ||
| Ignimbrite DRE Volume (km3): | 1.080 (Literature) | ||
| Ignimbrite Deposit Volume : | 3.040 (Literature) | ||
| Magnitude : | 5.800 (Calculated) | ||
| Maximum VEI : | 5.000 (Literature) | ||
| Tephra fall DRE Volume (km3): | 1.590 (Literature) | ||
| Tephra fall Deposit Volume (km3): | 5.300 (Literature) |
| Magma: | Rhyolite | ||
| Calculated Density: | |||
| Rock Classification: | |||
| Rhyolite |
| Eruption Start Date: | -5191 | Date Error: | 116 | |
| Eruption End Date: | Dating Technique: | Radiocarbon (corrected) | ||
| Eruption Date Quality: | Medium quality | Preferred Date: | Y | |
| C14 Date: | 6300 | C14 Date Error: | 70 | |
| Bulk DRE Volume (km3): | 0.350 (Literature) | ||
| Bulk deposit volume (km3): | 1.180 (Literature) | ||
| Magnitude : | 4.900 (Calculated) | ||
| Maximum VEI : | 5.000 (Literature) | ||
| Tephra fall DRE Volume (km3): | 0.350 (Literature) | ||
| Tephra fall Deposit Volume (km3): | 1.180 (Literature) |
| Magma: | Rhyolite | ||
| Calculated Density: | |||
| Rock Classification: | |||
| Rhyolite |
| Eruption Start Date: | -6537 | Date Error: | 65 | |
| Eruption End Date: | Dating Technique: | Radiocarbon (corrected) | ||
| Eruption Date Quality: | Medium quality | Preferred Date: | Y | |
| C14 Date: | 7770 | C14 Date Error: | 70 | |
| Bulk DRE Volume (km3): | 2.580 (Literature) | ||
| Bulk deposit volume (km3): | 8.600 (Literature) | ||
| Ignimbrite DRE Volume (km3): | 0.210 (Literature) | ||
| Ignimbrite Deposit Volume : | 0.700 (Literature) | ||
| Magnitude : | 5.800 (Calculated) | ||
| Maximum VEI : | 5.000 (Literature) | ||
| Tephra fall DRE Volume (km3): | 2.370 (Literature) | ||
| Tephra fall Deposit Volume (km3): | 7.900 (Literature) |
| Magma: | Rhyolite | ||
| Calculated Density: | |||
| Rock Classification: | |||
| Rhyolite |
| Eruption Start Date: | 490000 BP | Date Error: | 70000 | |
| Eruption End Date: | Dating Technique: | Fission track | ||
| Eruption Date Quality: | Medium quality | Preferred Date: | Y | |
| Bulk DRE Volume (km3): | 9.660 (Literature) | ||
| Bulk deposit volume (km3): | 32.200 (Literature) | ||
| Ignimbrite DRE Volume (km3): | 5.700 (Literature) | ||
| Ignimbrite Deposit Volume : | 19.000 (Literature) | ||
| Magnitude : | 6.300 (Calculated) | ||
| Maximum VEI : | 6.000 (Calculated) | ||
| Tephra fall DRE Volume (km3): | 3.960 (Literature) | ||
| Tephra fall Deposit Volume (km3): | 13.200 (Literature) |
| Magma: | Rhyolite | ||
| Calculated Density: | |||
| Rock Classification: | |||
| Rhyolite |